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Peptide research hub:
methods, and what the paperwork means

Two libraries. One on the methods a laboratory actually runs: reading a certificate, reconstitution, stability, contamination testing. One on the compounds themselves.

Method guidesCompound reference
12method guides
28compounds
HPLC + MSevery compound

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Methods

The part that is checkable

Every guide here is about an instrument, an assay or a handling step. None of it describes what a compound does, which is why it is the half of this hub that needs no caveats.

Reading a certificate

What the numbers on a COA mean, and which ones can be checked.

How to read a certificate of analysisWhat the purity number means, how identity is confirmed, and the fields to check before you order.HPLC vs mass spectrometry: what each one tells youOne measures how much of the sample is the compound. The other confirms the compound is what the label says. Neither answers the other's question.Net peptide content vs purityTwo numbers that look the same on a certificate and are not. Salts and water make up the difference.Supplier checklistFourteen checks to run on any research peptide supplier from a product page and a certificate. Printable, and answered for this site.Peptide vendors that have closedWhich research peptide sellers have shut down in 2025 and 2026, with a source for every line. Checked monthly.

Handling and stability

Reconstitution, storage, and what degrades material fastest.

Reconstitution and handlingBacteriostatic water, working concentration, and the handling mistakes that waste the most material.Bacteriostatic water: use, shelf life and volumesWhat it is, how it differs from sterile water and saline, how long an opened vial lasts, and how much to draw for a given vial.Storage, stability and degradationWhat heat, light and freeze-thaw cycles do to a peptide over weeks, and what each storage condition buys you.Why peptides ship freeze-driedWhat freeze-drying does to a peptide, and why the powder outlasts the solution by so much.When a peptide will not dissolveSequence, pH and technique, and which of the three is usually the problem.Cold chain and transit riskWhat happens to a vial in a truck in August, and which compounds care.Reconstitution calculatorPeptide mass, net peptide content and diluent volume in; concentration out. It stops at mg/mL.

Contamination testing

Endotoxin, sterility, and who ran the assay.

Endotoxin testing: LAL, rFC and MATThree tests with different reagents and different blind spots. What each one detects and misses.Sterility and endotoxin are different questionsA sterile sample can still carry endotoxin. The two tests answer different questions and neither replaces the other.Third-party testing vs in-houseWhere the conflict of interest sits, and what an independent lab changes about a number.

Compounds

What each molecule is, and what it binds

Grouped by structure rather than by use. Origin and molecular target are facts about the molecule that anyone can check.

Full specifications

Signalling peptides 11

Short sequences that bind a receptor or a partner protein. Grouped by what the molecule is and what it binds, not by what anyone intends to do with it.

BPC-157No single receptor has been established for it in the literature. It is characterized structurally rather than by a defined binding partner.Read TB-500The parent protein is an actin-sequestering protein; the fragment carries the actin-binding motif.Read KPVCorresponds to the terminal fragment of the parent hormone sequence.Read SemaxDerived from the adrenocorticotropic hormone sequence, modified for stability against enzymatic cleavage.Read SelankBuilt on the tuftsin sequence with the same C-terminal stabilizing extension used in Semax.Read PT-141The melanocortin receptor family.Read MT-2The melanocortin receptor family.Read Kisspeptin-10The KISS1 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor formerly designated GPR54.Read Thymosin Alpha-1Characterised as a thymic peptide; toll-like receptor interaction is described in the literature.Read ARA-290Described in the literature as a ligand of the innate repair receptor, a heteromer distinct from the classical EPO receptor.Read AdamaxBuilt on the same melanocortin fragment lineage.Read

Mitochondrial and cofactor 6

Peptides encoded in or targeted to the mitochondrion, and the cofactors that pathway runs on.

MOTS-cOne of the mitochondrial-derived peptides, a class defined by being encoded in mitochondrial DNA.Read SS-31Characterised by its affinity for cardiolipin, a phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane.Read NAD+A redox cofactor, cycling between oxidized and reduced forms, and a substrate for several enzyme classes.Read 5-Amino-1MQCharacterised in the literature as an inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase.Read SLU-PP-332Described in the literature as an agonist of the estrogen-related receptor family.Read GlutathioneA thiol-bearing tripeptide, cycling between reduced and oxidized disulfide forms.Read

Secretagogues and analogs 7

Analogs of endogenous releasing hormones and their receptor ligands.

CJC-1295Built on the GHRH(1-29) sequence.Read CJC-1295 + IpamorelinTwo constituents acting on distinct receptor families, GHRH and the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.Read SermorelinThe GHRH receptor family.Read TesamorelinThe GHRH receptor family.Read Tesamorelin / IpamorelinTwo constituents acting on distinct receptor families.Read AOD-9604A fragment of the parent hormone, lacking the regions associated with its receptor binding.Read IGF-1 LR3The IGF-1 receptor family. The modifications reduce its affinity for IGF binding proteins.Read

Short bioregulators 2

Two to four residue peptides from the Khavinson series and related short sequences. Class reference: the Khavinson series by sequence

EpithalonA four-residue sequence characterized by its composition rather than a named receptor.Read CartalaxCharacterised structurally; no defined receptor is established in the literature.Read

Metal-binding complexes 2

Peptides characterized by the metal ion they coordinate.

GHK-CuCharacterised by its high affinity for copper(II), which it coordinates through the histidine imidazole and the terminal amine.Read AHK-CuA copper-coordinating tripeptide, structurally analogous to GHK with alanine in place of glycine.Read

On sources

What is here and what is not

Every compound entry states origin, structure and molecular target. Those are facts about the molecule and they can be checked against any reference database in about a minute.

Literature sections are empty. They stay empty until a person puts real sources in them. A fabricated citation is the one thing on a page like this that a competitor, a customer or a regulator can disprove in a single search, and it would undo the only thing this company is actually selling.

The rule
01Structure is statedOrigin, residue count and molecular target. Checkable against any reference database.
02Effect is notNothing here describes an outcome. The method tier makes no claim about a compound at all.
03Citations are never generatedA fabricated study is the one thing on a page like this that anyone can disprove in a single search.
It applies to both tiers of this hub and to every page underneath it.

Documentation

Every compound, its certificate published

Read the certificate before you order. The latest one for each compound is on its product page.

Certificate archiveBrowse the catalog
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